Editing Japan (section)

== Literature in English ==

* Shields, James Mark (2023). "A Century of Critical Buddhism in Japan". In: Scott, Robert H., & McRae, James (Eds.), ''Introduction to Buddhist East Asia'': 281–304. State University of New York Press. {{annotation|A concise genealogy of Critical Buddhism tracing the movement back through the New Buddhist Fellowship and Seno'o Girō's Youth League for Revitalizing Buddhism, situating Hakamaya Noriaki's and Matsumoto Shirō's critique of "topicalism" within a longer twentieth-century history of Japanese Buddhist social criticism.}}

* Brons, Lajos (2022). ''A Buddha Land in This World: Philosophy, Utopia, and Radical Buddhism''. punctum books. {{annotation|A freely available (CC BY-NC-SA), wide-ranging philosophical history of Buddhist utopianism that devotes a substantial chapter to Meiji- and Taishō-era Japanese Buddhist realism and reform, adding detail on lesser-known New Buddhist Fellowship figures (Tanaka Jirōku, Watanabe Kaikyoku, Inoue Shūten) and on the depoliticized, coded forms (Itō Shōshin's ''muga-ai'', Miyazawa Kenji's agrarian Tolstoyanism) that Buddhist social concern took in the years between the High Treason Incident and Seno'o Girō's Youth League.}}

* Shields, James Mark (2017). ''Against Harmony: Progressive and Radical Buddhism in Modern Japan''. Oxford University Press. {{annotation|The single most comprehensive English-language study of Meiji-through-Shōwa progressive and radical Buddhism in Japan, with detailed chapters on Tarui Tōkichi, Uchiyama Gudō, Takagi Kenmyō, and Seno'o Girō among others; the foundational secondary source for this entry.}}

* Shields, James Mark (2017). "Immanent Frames: Meiji New Buddhism, Pantheism, and the 'Religious Secular'". ''Japan Review'' 30: 79–96. {{annotation|An open-access study of the New Buddhist Fellowship's "pantheistic" and this-worldly (''genseshugi'') theology, arguing that the movement collapsed rather than reinforced conventional boundaries between the religious and the secular.}}

* Shields, James Mark (2016). "Peasant Revolts as Anti-Authoritarian Archetypes for Radical Buddhism in Modern Japan". ''Journal of Religion in Japan'' 5: 3–21. {{annotation|An open-access study arguing that Edo-period peasant rebellions and martyr (''gimin'') narratives supplied "root paradigms" later drawn upon by Meiji and Taishō radical Buddhists.}}

* Shields, James Mark (2016). "Opium Eaters: Buddhism as Revolutionary Politics". In: Kawanami, Hiroko (Ed.), ''Buddhism and the Political Process'': 213–232. Palgrave Macmillan. {{annotation|Situates Japanese Buddhist-state "symbiosis" within a comparative framework and develops an extended reading of Seno'o Girō's and B. R. Ambedkar's respective fusions of Buddhism and Marxism.}}

* Shields, James Mark (2014). "Zen and the Art of Treason: Radical Buddhism in Meiji Era (1868–1912) Japan". ''Politics, Religion & Ideology'' 15.2: 205–223. {{annotation|An open-access study of Tarui Tōkichi, Takagi Kenmyō, and Uchiyama Gudō as three distinct case studies in Meiji-era radical Buddhism, including extensive discussion of Ichikawa Hakugen's twelve-factor analysis of Buddhism's structural resistance to socialism.}}

* Shields, James Mark (2014). "From Topos to Utopia: Critical Buddhism, Globalization, and Ideology Criticism". In: Kalmanson, Leah, & Shields, James Mark (Eds.), ''Buddhist Responses to Globalization'': 51–77. Lexington Books. {{annotation|Reads Critical Buddhism through Karl Mannheim's sociology of ideology and utopia, arguing for a supplementary "materialist" account of Buddhist praxis rooted partly in the Nichiren-derived utopianism of Seno'o Girō.}}

* Shields, James Mark (2011). ''Critical Buddhism: Engaging with Modern Japanese Buddhist Thought''. Ashgate. {{annotation|The first book-length English-language study of the Critical Buddhism movement, situating Hakamaya Noriaki's and Matsumoto Shirō's critique of "topicalism" within modern Japanese and comparative Western philosophy.}}

* Ives, Christopher (2009). ''Imperial-Way Zen: Ichikawa Hakugen's Critique and Lingering Questions for Buddhist Ethics''. University of Hawai'i Press. {{annotation|The standard English-language study of Ichikawa Hakugen, situating his critique of wartime Zen nationalism within broader questions of Buddhist social ethics.}}

* Victoria, Brian (1997). ''Zen at War''. Weatherhill. {{annotation|An influential, if occasionally disputed in points of detail, account of Japanese Zen institutional complicity with militarism and nationalism, framing Uchiyama Gudō as the principal wartime-era exception.}}

* Large, Stephen S. (1987). "Buddhism, Socialism, and Protest in Prewar Japan: The Career of Seno'o Girō". ''Modern Asian Studies'' 21.1: 153–171. {{annotation|The foundational English-language political biography of Seno'o Girō, drawing extensively on his diary to trace his path from Nichirenist patriot to popular-front activist and prisoner of the state.}}

* Ketelaar, James Edward (1990). ''Of Heretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan: Buddhism and Its Persecution''. Princeton University Press. {{annotation|The standard English-language account of the ''haibutsu kishaku'' persecution and the subsequent reconstruction of Buddhist institutional identity in early Meiji Japan.}}

* Totten, George O. (1960). "Buddhism and Socialism in Japan and Burma". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History'' 2.3: 293–304. {{annotation|An early comparative study contrasting the marginality of Buddhist socialism in Japan, where socialists were "socialists first and nationalists second," with its centrality to Burmese nationalism, offering a still-useful structural explanation for the fragmentation of prewar Japanese radical Buddhism.}}