Editing China (section)

=== Chen Mingshu ===
{{Main|Chen Mingshu}}
Chen Mingshu (陳銘樞/陈铭枢, 1889–1965) was a senior Nationalist general, cabinet minister, and later a founder of the Beijing-aligned Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang (民革). In August 1949, two months before the PRC's founding, he addressed a long letter directly to Mao Zedong laying out ten theses on Buddhadharma's relation to society and human life, stating that he had begun studying dialectical materialism some twenty years earlier and praising Mao's "sinicization of Marxism-Leninism" as itself an instance of the Buddhist unity of knowledge and action.<ref>Chen Mingshu 陳銘樞 (1949). 〈陳銘樞先生致毛主席論佛法書〉 [Mr. Chen Mingshu's Letter to Chairman Mao on the Buddhadharma]. 《覺訊月刊》 3(8), pp. 2–3.</ref> Illustrating his claim that Buddhist "mind-only" teaching does not assert idealism but rather dissolves the very subjective attachment idealism presupposes, Chen adapted the Diamond Sūtra's tetralemma to his own name: "what is called Chen Mingshu is not Chen Mingshu; this is named Chen Mingshu."<ref>Chen Mingshu (1949), 〈致毛主席論佛法書〉, p. 2.</ref> In a rapid sequence of essays published between 1950 and 1951 in ''Xiandai Foxue'' (現代佛學), a journal he co-founded with the reform-minded monk Juzan (巨贊/巨赞) and whose publishing house he directed,<ref>Xue Yu (2009). "Buddhist Contribution to the Socialist Transformation of Buddhism in China: Activities of Ven. Juzan during 1949–1953". ''Journal of Global Buddhism'' 10: 217–253, at 229.</ref> he developed this project systematically, describing himself as an advocate of studying Buddhism through the method of dialectical materialism and arguing that Buddhist doctrine, correctly analyzed, resolved into a series of dialectical unities, of mind and no-mind, self and no-self, the relative and the absolute, culminating in the selfless practice of the bodhisattva path.<ref>Li Guangliang (2001), 〈马克思主义的佛教观〉, sec. 3, citing Chen Mingshu 陳銘樞. 《法喜集》 [Collection of Dharma Joy]. 《現代佛學》 1.3.</ref> Because the bodhisattva's complete self-forgetting for the sake of others was already, in substance, the stance of a Marxist-Leninist fighter, Chen held that any properly awakened Buddhist was thereby "unconditionally a hundred percent Marxist-Leninist," while cautioning that Marxism-Leninism should not be treated as an exclusive doctrine, since truth itself was one and universal.<ref>Li Guangliang (2001), 〈马克思主义的佛教观〉, sec. 3.</ref> Despite this accommodation, Chen was purged as a "rightist" during the Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957 and stripped of his official positions.