China - Revision history

Lajos: /* How to Cite This Article */

2026-07-27T11:15:11Z

How to Cite This Article

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:15, 27 July 2026
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	First version, 23 July 2026. Main: Lajos Brons.		First version, 23 July 2026. Main: Lajos Brons.
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	Brons, Lajos (~~2026~~). "China". ''The Radical Buddhism Project''. Version of ~~23 July 2026~~. <nowiki>http://radicalbuddhism.net/wiki/China</nowiki>.		Brons, Lajos ({{REVISIONYEAR}}). "China". ''The Radical Buddhism Project''. Version of {{#time: j F Y \| {{REVISIONYEAR}}-{{REVISIONMONTH}}-{{REVISIONDAY}} }}. <nowiki>http://radicalbuddhism.net/wiki/China</nowiki>.

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

Lajos: /* Literature in Other Languages */

2026-07-25T01:42:08Z

Literature in Other Languages

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:42, 25 July 2026
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	== Literature in Other Languages ==		== Literature in Other Languages ==
	* He Jianming 何建明 (1998). 《佛法观念的近代调适》 [Modern Adaptations of Buddhist Concepts]. Guangdong People's Publishing House. {{annotation\|Proposes a structural distinction between "new Buddhism" (新佛法), which accommodates Marxist primacy, and "Buddhist socialism" (佛教社会主义), which claims independent or superior standing for Buddhism.}}		* He Jianming 何建明 (1998). 《佛法观念的近代调适》 [Modern Adaptations of Buddhist Concepts]. Guangdong People's Publishing House. {{annotation\|Proposes a structural distinction between "new Buddhism" (新佛法), which accommodates Marxist primacy, and "Buddhist socialism" (佛教社会主义), which claims independent or superior standing for Buddhism.}}
	* Li Guangliang 李廣良/李广良 (2001). 〈马克思主义的佛教观和佛教的马克思主义观〉 [The Marxist View of Buddhism and the Buddhist View of Marxism]. 《佛学研究》 10. {{annotation\|A comprehensive survey of both Marxist critiques of Buddhism and lay and monastic Buddhist engagements with Marxism across the twentieth century, covering Party leaders, academic historians, lay intellectuals, and monastics alike. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20260725012243/https://www.fjdh.cn/wumin/2009/04/00044842526.html archived])}}		* Li Guangliang 李廣良/李广良 (2001). 〈马克思主义的佛教观和佛教的马克思主义观〉 ['''[[LG01MVB-T\|The Marxist View of Buddhism and the Buddhist View of Marxism]]''']. 《佛学研究》 10. {{annotation\|A comprehensive survey of both Marxist critiques of Buddhism and lay and monastic Buddhist engagements with Marxism across the twentieth century, covering Party leaders, academic historians, lay intellectuals, and monastics alike. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20260725012243/https://www.fjdh.cn/wumin/2009/04/00044842526.html archived])}}

	== How to Cite This Article ==		== How to Cite This Article ==

Lajos: /* Literature in Other Languages */

2026-07-25T01:26:49Z

Literature in Other Languages

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:26, 25 July 2026
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	== Literature in Other Languages ==		== Literature in Other Languages ==
	* He Jianming 何建明 (1998). 《佛法观念的近代调适》 [Modern Adaptations of Buddhist Concepts]. Guangdong People's Publishing House. {{annotation\|Proposes a structural distinction between "new Buddhism" (新佛法), which accommodates Marxist primacy, and "Buddhist socialism" (佛教社会主义), which claims independent or superior standing for Buddhism.}}		* He Jianming 何建明 (1998). 《佛法观念的近代调适》 [Modern Adaptations of Buddhist Concepts]. Guangdong People's Publishing House. {{annotation\|Proposes a structural distinction between "new Buddhism" (新佛法), which accommodates Marxist primacy, and "Buddhist socialism" (佛教社会主义), which claims independent or superior standing for Buddhism.}}
	* Li Guangliang 李廣良/李广良 (2001). 〈马克思主义的佛教观和佛教的马克思主义观〉 [The Marxist View of Buddhism and the Buddhist View of Marxism]. 《佛学研究》 10. {{annotation\|A comprehensive survey of both Marxist critiques of Buddhism and lay and monastic Buddhist engagements with Marxism across the twentieth century, covering Party leaders, academic historians, lay intellectuals, and monastics alike.}}		* Li Guangliang 李廣良/李广良 (2001). 〈马克思主义的佛教观和佛教的马克思主义观〉 [The Marxist View of Buddhism and the Buddhist View of Marxism]. 《佛学研究》 10. {{annotation\|A comprehensive survey of both Marxist critiques of Buddhism and lay and monastic Buddhist engagements with Marxism across the twentieth century, covering Party leaders, academic historians, lay intellectuals, and monastics alike. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20260725012243/https://www.fjdh.cn/wumin/2009/04/00044842526.html archived])}}

	== How to Cite This Article ==		== How to Cite This Article ==

Lajos: /* How to Cite This Article */

2026-07-23T23:31:12Z

How to Cite This Article

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:31, 23 July 2026
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	First version, 23 July 2026. Main: Lajos Brons.		First version, 23 July 2026. Main: Lajos Brons.
	-->		-->
	Brons, Lajos (2026). "China". ''Radical ~~Buddhist~~ Project''. Version of 23 July 2026. <nowiki>http://radicalbuddhism.net/wiki/China</nowiki>.		Brons, Lajos (2026). "China". ''The Radical Buddhism Project''. Version of 23 July 2026. <nowiki>http://radicalbuddhism.net/wiki/China</nowiki>.

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

Lajos: /* How to Cite This Article */

2026-07-23T11:46:51Z

How to Cite This Article

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:46, 23 July 2026
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	First version, 23 July 2026. Main: Lajos Brons.		First version, 23 July 2026. Main: Lajos Brons.
	-->		-->
	Brons, Lajos (2026). "China". ''Radical Buddhist Project''. Version of 23 July 2026. <nowiki>http://radicalbuddhism.~~org~~/wiki/China</nowiki>.		Brons, Lajos (2026). "China". ''Radical Buddhist Project''. Version of 23 July 2026. <nowiki>http://radicalbuddhism.net/wiki/China</nowiki>.

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

Lajos at 02:55, 23 July 2026

2026-07-23T02:55:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:55, 23 July 2026
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	China is home to one of the largest and most historically continuous Buddhist civilizations in Asia, shaped over two millennia by successive waves of doctrinal innovation, imperial patronage, and periodic suppression, and, since the early twentieth century, by sustained engagement with modern political ideologies, especially socialism and Marxism. Mahāyāna Buddhism arrived from Central Asia and India in the first centuries of the Common Era and by the Tang dynasty (618–907) had produced the distinctively Chinese schools of Chan, Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan that continue to define the tradition. The collapse of the imperial order after 1911 and the subsequent rise of Marxism as the dominant framework of Chinese political thought forced Buddhist reformers, monastics, and lay intellectuals to articulate, for the first time, a systematic relationship between Buddhist soteriology and revolutionary politics. Currents ranging from Buddhist anarchism and the Humanistic Buddhism (人間佛教/人间佛教) movement associated with Taixu (太虛/太虚) to the sophisticated Buddhist-Marxist synthesis of the lay intellectual Wen Guangxi (溫光熹/温光熹) and the state-sponsored accommodation of the Chinese Buddhist Association after 1949 illustrate a recurring structural tension between Buddhist claims to intellectual autonomy and the ideological demands of a Marxist-Leninist state.		China is home to one of the largest and most historically continuous Buddhist civilizations in Asia, shaped over two millennia by successive waves of doctrinal innovation, imperial patronage, and periodic suppression, and, since the early twentieth century, by sustained engagement with modern political ideologies, especially socialism and Marxism. Mahāyāna Buddhism arrived from Central Asia and India in the first centuries of the Common Era and by the Tang dynasty (618–907) had produced the distinctively Chinese schools of Chan, Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan that continue to define the tradition. The collapse of the imperial order after 1911 and the subsequent rise of Marxism as the dominant framework of Chinese political thought forced Buddhist reformers, monastics, and lay intellectuals to articulate, for the first time, a systematic relationship between Buddhist soteriology and revolutionary politics. Currents ranging from Buddhist anarchism and the Humanistic Buddhism (人間佛教/人间佛教) movement associated with Taixu (太虛/太虚) to the sophisticated Buddhist-Marxist synthesis of the lay intellectual Wen Guangxi (溫光熹/温光熹) and the state-sponsored accommodation of the Chinese Buddhist Association after 1949 illustrate a recurring structural tension between Buddhist claims to intellectual autonomy and the ideological demands of a Marxist-Leninist state.

	~~To avoid this page becoming even longer~~ [[Taiwan]] and [[Tibet]] will be discussed in separate pages.		([[Taiwan]] and [[Tibet]] will be discussed in separate pages.)

	== Buddhism in China ==		== Buddhism in China ==

Lajos at 02:52, 23 July 2026

2026-07-23T02:52:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:52, 23 July 2026
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	~~{{Under Construction}}~~
	{{Awaiting Review}}		{{Awaiting Review}}
	China is home to one of the largest and most historically continuous Buddhist civilizations in Asia, shaped over two millennia by successive waves of doctrinal innovation, imperial patronage, and periodic suppression, and, since the early twentieth century, by sustained engagement with modern political ideologies, especially socialism and Marxism. Mahāyāna Buddhism arrived from Central Asia and India in the first centuries of the Common Era and by the Tang dynasty (618–907) had produced the distinctively Chinese schools of Chan, Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan that continue to define the tradition. The collapse of the imperial order after 1911 and the subsequent rise of Marxism as the dominant framework of Chinese political thought forced Buddhist reformers, monastics, and lay intellectuals to articulate, for the first time, a systematic relationship between Buddhist soteriology and revolutionary politics. Currents ranging from Buddhist anarchism and the Humanistic Buddhism (人間佛教/人间佛教) movement associated with Taixu (太虛/太虚) to the sophisticated Buddhist-Marxist synthesis of the lay intellectual Wen Guangxi (溫光熹/温光熹) and the state-sponsored accommodation of the Chinese Buddhist Association after 1949 illustrate a recurring structural tension between Buddhist claims to intellectual autonomy and the ideological demands of a Marxist-Leninist state.		China is home to one of the largest and most historically continuous Buddhist civilizations in Asia, shaped over two millennia by successive waves of doctrinal innovation, imperial patronage, and periodic suppression, and, since the early twentieth century, by sustained engagement with modern political ideologies, especially socialism and Marxism. Mahāyāna Buddhism arrived from Central Asia and India in the first centuries of the Common Era and by the Tang dynasty (618–907) had produced the distinctively Chinese schools of Chan, Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan that continue to define the tradition. The collapse of the imperial order after 1911 and the subsequent rise of Marxism as the dominant framework of Chinese political thought forced Buddhist reformers, monastics, and lay intellectuals to articulate, for the first time, a systematic relationship between Buddhist soteriology and revolutionary politics. Currents ranging from Buddhist anarchism and the Humanistic Buddhism (人間佛教/人间佛教) movement associated with Taixu (太虛/太虚) to the sophisticated Buddhist-Marxist synthesis of the lay intellectual Wen Guangxi (溫光熹/温光熹) and the state-sponsored accommodation of the Chinese Buddhist Association after 1949 illustrate a recurring structural tension between Buddhist claims to intellectual autonomy and the ideological demands of a Marxist-Leninist state.

Lajos: /* How to Cite This Article */

2026-07-23T02:52:24Z

How to Cite This Article

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:52, 23 July 2026
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	First version, 23 July 2026. Main: Lajos Brons.		First version, 23 July 2026. Main: Lajos Brons.
	-->		-->
	Brons, Lajos (2026). "China." Radical Buddhist Project. Version of 23 July 2026. <nowiki>http://radicalbuddhism.org/wiki/China</nowiki>.		Brons, Lajos (2026). "China". ''Radical Buddhist Project''. Version of 23 July 2026. <nowiki>http://radicalbuddhism.org/wiki/China</nowiki>.

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

Lajos: /* How to Cite This Article */

2026-07-23T02:51:58Z

How to Cite This Article

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:51, 23 July 2026
Line 68:		Line 68:
	First version, 23 July 2026. Main: Lajos Brons.		First version, 23 July 2026. Main: Lajos Brons.
	-->		-->
	Brons, Lajos (2026). "China." Radical Buddhist Project. Version of 23 July 2026. http://radicalbuddhism.org/wiki/China.		Brons, Lajos (2026). "China." Radical Buddhist Project. Version of 23 July 2026. <nowiki>http://radicalbuddhism.org/wiki/China</nowiki>.

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

Lajos: /* Literature in Other Languages */

2026-07-23T02:51:28Z

Literature in Other Languages

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:51, 23 July 2026
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	== Literature in Other Languages ==		== Literature in Other Languages ==
	* He Jianming 何建明 (1998). 《佛法观念的近代调适》 [Modern Adaptations of Buddhist Concepts]. Guangdong People's Publishing House. {{annotation\|Proposes ~~an influential~~ structural distinction between "new Buddhism" (新佛法), which accommodates Marxist primacy, and "Buddhist socialism" (佛教社会主义), which claims independent or superior standing for Buddhism.}}		* He Jianming 何建明 (1998). 《佛法观念的近代调适》 [Modern Adaptations of Buddhist Concepts]. Guangdong People's Publishing House. {{annotation\|Proposes a structural distinction between "new Buddhism" (新佛法), which accommodates Marxist primacy, and "Buddhist socialism" (佛教社会主义), which claims independent or superior standing for Buddhism.}}
	* Li Guangliang 李廣良/李广良 (2001). 〈马克思主义的佛教观和佛教的马克思主义观〉 [The Marxist View of Buddhism and the Buddhist View of Marxism]. 《佛学研究》 10. {{annotation\|A comprehensive survey of both Marxist critiques of Buddhism and lay and monastic Buddhist engagements with Marxism across the twentieth century, covering Party leaders, academic historians, lay intellectuals, and monastics alike.}}		* Li Guangliang 李廣良/李广良 (2001). 〈马克思主义的佛教观和佛教的马克思主义观〉 [The Marxist View of Buddhism and the Buddhist View of Marxism]. 《佛学研究》 10. {{annotation\|A comprehensive survey of both Marxist critiques of Buddhism and lay and monastic Buddhist engagements with Marxism across the twentieth century, covering Party leaders, academic historians, lay intellectuals, and monastics alike.}}