UG11HJK-T - Revision history

James at 23:38, 7 October 2026

2026-10-07T23:38:48Z

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	=== Self-Awakening of the Individual ===		=== Self-Awakening of the Individual ===

	If we look back over the long history of humanity, we find that at first human beings lived content with the fruits provided by nature, or with fish, birds, and animals. To shelter themselves from rain and dew, heat and cold, they had no choice but to live beneath trees or in caves, and they remained in such circumstances for a very long time. Yet we human beings have as our progenitor an inscrutable sacred spirit<ref>Gudō uses the unusual expression 霊聖 here and elsewhere earlier in the manuscript, rendered in this translation as “sacred spirit.” On p. 223, immediately following his allusion to John 12:24, the manuscript instead uses the conventional Christian term 聖霊, rendered “Holy Spirit.” The distinction in the Japanese has been preserved.</ref> that cannot rest until it has advanced to the utmost limit. Our progress may be as slow as the steps of an ox, but we have transmitted this imperishable sacred spirit from generation to generation and have struggled against the vast forces of nature. As a result, we have gradually arrived at the present condition: for clothing, food, and shelter, we have agriculture, animal husbandry, and industry to satisfy our wants; and for the realm of the spirit, we have schools, churches, and books, enabling our sacred spirit to advance and develop ever further.		If we look back over the long history of humanity, we find that at first human beings lived content with the fruits provided by nature, or with fish, birds, and animals. To shelter themselves from rain and dew, heat and cold, they had no choice but to live beneath trees or in caves, and they remained in such circumstances for a very long time. Yet we human beings have as our progenitor an inscrutable sacred spirit<ref>Gudō uses the unusual expression ''reisei'' 霊聖 here and elsewhere earlier in the manuscript, rendered in this translation as “sacred spirit.” On p. 223, immediately following his allusion to John 12:24, the manuscript instead uses the conventional Christian term ''seirei'' 聖霊, rendered “Holy Spirit.” The distinction in the Japanese has been preserved.</ref> that cannot rest until it has advanced to the utmost limit. Our progress may be as slow as the steps of an ox, but we have transmitted this imperishable sacred spirit from generation to generation and have struggled against the vast forces of nature. As a result, we have gradually arrived at the present condition: for clothing, food, and shelter, we have agriculture, animal husbandry, and industry to satisfy our wants; and for the realm of the spirit, we have schools, churches, and books, enabling our sacred spirit to advance and develop ever further.

	And yet our sacred spirit is not satisfied even with this. Day and night, it continues to struggle against the circumstances that surround us.		And yet our sacred spirit is not satisfied even with this. Day and night, it continues to struggle against the circumstances that surround us.
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	Institutions should be established to provide the knowledge needed to increase the village’s productivity. As for public health, since infectious diseases are so serious a problem, hospitals should be established by the village or through cooperative associations, so that sick villagers can be admitted without charge. Next, a public hall should be built in the center of the village for weddings, funerals, and other ceremonies. It should also serve as a place where villagers can strengthen their bonds with one another and where the elderly, young people, housewives, young women, and others can hold their meetings. All such expenses should be met from public funds, allowing people to gather regardless of their individual wealth or poverty.		Institutions should be established to provide the knowledge needed to increase the village’s productivity. As for public health, since infectious diseases are so serious a problem, hospitals should be established by the village or through cooperative associations, so that sick villagers can be admitted without charge. Next, a public hall should be built in the center of the village for weddings, funerals, and other ceremonies. It should also serve as a place where villagers can strengthen their bonds with one another and where the elderly, young people, housewives, young women, and others can hold their meetings. All such expenses should be met from public funds, allowing people to gather regardless of their individual wealth or poverty.

	Needless to say, harmful substances should be prohibited, just as in the self-awakened household. No matter how perfectly administered a village may be, if harmful things such as alcohol and tobacco, as well as gambling and the like, are simply allowed to continue, it must be said to have ruined a nine-fathom achievement for want of the final basketful.<ref>An allusion to the ''Book of Documents'' (~~''Shujing''~~ 書經), “Hounds of Lü” (旅獒): 為山九仞，功虧一簣, literally, “In raising a mound nine ren high, the work may fail for want of one basketful [of earth].” The expression came to signify the failure of an undertaking just short of completion.</ref>		Needless to say, harmful substances should be prohibited, just as in the self-awakened household. No matter how perfectly administered a village may be, if harmful things such as alcohol and tobacco, as well as gambling and the like, are simply allowed to continue, it must be said to have ruined a nine-fathom achievement for want of the final basketful.<ref>An allusion to the ''Book of Documents'' (書經), “Hounds of Lü” (旅獒): 為山九仞，功虧一簣, literally, “In raising a mound nine ren high, the work may fail for want of one basketful [of earth].” The expression came to signify the failure of an undertaking just short of completion.</ref>

	=== Self-Awakening of Municipalities ===		=== Self-Awakening of Municipalities ===

James at 23:32, 7 October 2026

2026-10-07T23:32:16Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, ~~"The~~ Self-Awakening of the Ordinary ~~Person"~~}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person”}}

	Uchiyama Gudō 内山愚童 (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” (''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚). Unfinished manuscript.<ref>''Heibon'' 平凡 means “ordinary” or “commonplace.” Gudō uses ''heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚 for the self-awakening required of human beings generally, in contrast to the particular forms of self-awakening associated with religious practitioners, philosophers, politicians, and others.</ref>		Uchiyama Gudō 内山愚童 (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” (''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚). Unfinished manuscript. ([[UG11HJ\|Japanese original here]].)<ref>''Heibon'' 平凡 means “ordinary” or “commonplace.” Gudō uses ''heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚 for the self-awakening required of human beings generally, in contrast to the particular forms of self-awakening associated with religious practitioners, philosophers, politicians, and others.</ref>

	~~<div~~ class="~~noautonum~~">~~__TOC__~~</~~div~~>		__NOTOC__
			{\| class="toc" style="margin:0.3em 0 0.1em 0; padding:0.5em 0.8em;"
			\|-
			\| '''Contents'''
			\|-
			\|
			1. [[#Translation\|Translation]]<br />
			1.1 [[#Conscious_Action\|Conscious Action]]<br />
			1.2 [[#Self-Awakening_of_the_Individual\|Self-Awakening of the Individual]]<br />
			1.3 [[#Self-Awakening_of_the_Family\|Self-Awakening of the Family]]<br />
			1.4 [[#Self-Awakening_of_the_Villagers\|Self-Awakening of the Villagers]]<br />
			1.5 [[#Self-Awakening_of_Municipalities\|Self-Awakening of Municipalities]]<br />
			1.6 [[#Self-Awakening_of_the_Industrial_World\|Self-Awakening of the Industrial World]]<br />
			1.7 [[#Self-Awakening_of_the_Agricultural_World\|Self-Awakening of the Agricultural World]]<br />
			2. [[#Notes\|Notes]]<br />
			3. [[#Source_Note\|Source Note]]<br />
			4. [[#How_to_Cite_this_Text\|How to Cite this Text]]
			\|}

	== Translation ==		== Translation ==
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	== How to Cite this Text ==		== How to Cite this Text ==

	Uchiyama Gudō (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” (''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚). Translated and annotated by James Mark Shields. ''The Radical Buddhism Project''. ~~https~~://~~www.~~radicalbuddhism.~~org~~/		<!-- AUTHORSHIP CHANGE LOG
			Translation and annotation: Shields, James Mark.
			-->
			Uchiyama Gudō (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” (''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚). Translated and annotated by James Mark Shields. ''The Radical Buddhism Project''. Version of {{#time: j F Y \| {{REVISIONYEAR}}-{{REVISIONMONTH}}-{{REVISIONDAY}} }}. <nowiki>http://radicalbuddhism.net/wiki/UG11HJ-T</nowiki>.

	[[category:Uchiyama Gudo]]		[[category:Uchiyama Gudo]]
	[[category:Translations from Japanese]]		[[category:Translations from Japanese]]

James at 16:12, 6 October 2026

2026-10-06T16:12:09Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, "The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person"}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, "The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person"}}

	Uchiyama Gudō 内山愚童 (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” ("Heibon no jikaku" 平凡の自覚). Unfinished manuscript.		Uchiyama Gudō 内山愚童 (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” (''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚). Unfinished manuscript.<ref>''Heibon'' 平凡 means “ordinary” or “commonplace.” Gudō uses ''heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚 for the self-awakening required of human beings generally, in contrast to the particular forms of self-awakening associated with religious practitioners, philosophers, politicians, and others.</ref>

	<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>		<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>

	== Translation ==		== Translation ==

	Uchiyama Gudō 内山愚童 (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” (''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚). Unfinished manuscript.<ref>''Heibon'' 平凡 means “ordinary” or “commonplace.” Gudō uses ''heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚 for the self-awakening required of human beings generally, in contrast to the particular forms of self-awakening associated with religious practitioners, philosophers, politicians, and others.</ref>

	What do I mean by “ordinary” and by “self-awakening”? Before answering that question, let me first say a little about what I mean by self-awakening.		What do I mean by “ordinary” and by “self-awakening”? Before answering that question, let me first say a little about what I mean by self-awakening.

James at 16:09, 6 October 2026

2026-10-06T16:09:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 6 October 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, "The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person"}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, "The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person"}}

	Uchiyama Gudō 内山愚童 (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” (''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚). Unfinished manuscript.		Uchiyama Gudō 内山愚童 (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” ("Heibon no jikaku" 平凡の自覚). Unfinished manuscript.

	<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>		<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>

James at 16:08, 6 October 2026

2026-10-06T16:08:01Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, "The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person"}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, "The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person"}}

	~~'''Original manuscript:'''~~		Uchiyama Gudō 内山愚童 (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” (''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚). Unfinished manuscript.

	~~内山愚童『平凡の自覚』未完稿、1909–1911年頃（推定）.~~

	Uchiyama Gudō. ~~''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚;~~ “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person.” Unfinished manuscript, probably composed during Gudō’s imprisonment, ca. 1909–1911.<ref>The manuscript is undated, but scholars have generally treated it as a late work and have suggested that Gudō probably composed it while imprisoned. The surviving manuscript was in the possession of Uchiyama Masaichi 内山政一 and was later reproduced in Kashiwagi Ryūhō 柏木隆法, ''Daigyaku jiken to Uchiyama Gudō'' 大逆事件と内山愚童 (Tokyo: JCA Shuppan, 1979), 213–224. The present translation follows the Japanese text reproduced by Kashiwagi. The surviving text is incomplete and contains a number of orthographic irregularities and apparent inconsistencies, which have not been silently corrected or harmonized. Fabio Rambelli’s earlier translation, “Common Consciousness,” in ''Zen Anarchism: The Egalitarian Dharma of Uchiyama Gudō'' (2013), has been consulted throughout. Where Rambelli’s translation differs from the Japanese text reproduced by Kashiwagi, the present translation follows Kashiwagi. Throughout, 自覚 (''jikaku'') is rendered as “self-awakening” rather than “consciousness,” in order to preserve both its reflexive sense and its resonance with the language of awakening. Significant textual or interpretive issues are identified in the notes.</ref>

	~~'''Source text:'''~~

	~~内山愚童『平凡の自覚』柏木隆法『大逆事件と内山愚童』東京：JCA出版、1979年、213–224頁.~~

	~~Uchiyama Gudō.~~ ''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚. ~~In Kashiwagi Ryūhō 柏木隆法, ''Daigyaku jiken to Uchiyama Gudō'' 大逆事件と内山愚童, 213–224. Tokyo: JCA Shuppan, 1979~~.

	<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>		<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>
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	== Translation ==		== Translation ==

	~~{{opage\|213}}~~		Uchiyama Gudō 内山愚童 (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” (''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚). Unfinished manuscript.<ref>''Heibon'' 平凡 means “ordinary” or “commonplace.” Gudō uses ''heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚 for the self-awakening required of human beings generally, in contrast to the particular forms of self-awakening associated with religious practitioners, philosophers, politicians, and others.</ref>

	~~=== The~~ Self-Awakening of the Ordinary ~~Person~~<ref>''Heibon'' 平凡 means “ordinary” or “commonplace.” Gudō uses ''heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚 for the self-awakening required of human beings generally, in contrast to the particular forms of self-awakening associated with religious practitioners, philosophers, politicians, and others.</ref> ~~===~~

	What do I mean by “ordinary” and by “self-awakening”? Before answering that question, let me first say a little about what I mean by self-awakening.		What do I mean by “ordinary” and by “self-awakening”? Before answering that question, let me first say a little about what I mean by self-awakening.
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	<references />		<references />

			== Source Note ==

			''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚 [The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person] survives as an incomplete and undated manuscript. Scholars have generally treated it as a late work and have suggested that Gudō probably composed it while imprisoned; the date ca. 1909–1911 is therefore provisional. The surviving manuscript was in the possession of Uchiyama Masaichi 内山政一 and was later reproduced in Kashiwagi Ryūhō 柏木隆法, ''Daigyaku jiken to Uchiyama Gudō'' 大逆事件と内山愚童 (Tokyo: JCA Shuppan, 1979), 213–224. The present translation follows the Japanese text reproduced by Kashiwagi.

			The surviving text contains a number of orthographic irregularities and apparent inconsistencies, which have not been silently corrected or harmonized. Fabio Rambelli's earlier translation, “Common Consciousness,” in ''Zen Anarchism: The Egalitarian Dharma of Uchiyama Gudō'' (2013), has been consulted throughout as a comparative control. Where Rambelli's translation differs from the Japanese text reproduced by Kashiwagi, the present translation follows Kashiwagi. Throughout, 自覚 (''jikaku'') is rendered as “self-awakening” rather than “consciousness,” in order to preserve both its reflexive sense and its resonance with the language of awakening. Significant textual or interpretive issues are identified in the notes.

			== How to Cite this Text ==

			Uchiyama Gudō (ca. 1909–1911). “The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person” (''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚). Translated and annotated by James Mark Shields. ''The Radical Buddhism Project''. https://www.radicalbuddhism.org/

	[[category:Uchiyama Gudo]]		[[category:Uchiyama Gudo]]
	[[category:Translations from Japanese]]		[[category:Translations from Japanese]]

James at 16:01, 6 October 2026

2026-10-06T16:01:01Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, ~~'''~~The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person~~'''~~}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, "The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person"}}

	'''Original manuscript:'''		'''Original manuscript:'''

James at 16:00, 6 October 2026

2026-10-06T16:00:47Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, ''The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, '''The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person'''}}
	~~{{Under Construction~~}}

	'''Original manuscript:'''		'''Original manuscript:'''

Lajos: Undid revision 1132 by Lajos (talk)

2026-10-04T00:28:22Z

Undid revision 1132 by Lajos (talk)

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, ''The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person''}}~~__NOTOC__~~		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, ''The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person''}}
	{{Under Construction}}		{{Under Construction}}

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	Uchiyama Gudō. ''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚. In Kashiwagi Ryūhō 柏木隆法, ''Daigyaku jiken to Uchiyama Gudō'' 大逆事件と内山愚童, 213–224. Tokyo: JCA Shuppan, 1979.		Uchiyama Gudō. ''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚. In Kashiwagi Ryūhō 柏木隆法, ''Daigyaku jiken to Uchiyama Gudō'' 大逆事件と内山愚童, 213–224. Tokyo: JCA Shuppan, 1979.

			<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>

	== Translation ==		== Translation ==

Lajos at 00:27, 4 October 2026

2026-10-04T00:27:38Z

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	Uchiyama Gudō. ''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚. In Kashiwagi Ryūhō 柏木隆法, ''Daigyaku jiken to Uchiyama Gudō'' 大逆事件と内山愚童, 213–224. Tokyo: JCA Shuppan, 1979.		Uchiyama Gudō. ''Heibon no jikaku'' 平凡の自覚. In Kashiwagi Ryūhō 柏木隆法, ''Daigyaku jiken to Uchiyama Gudō'' 大逆事件と内山愚童, 213–224. Tokyo: JCA Shuppan, 1979.

	~~<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>~~

	== Translation ==		== Translation ==

Lajos at 00:27, 4 October 2026

2026-10-04T00:27:08Z

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, ''The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō, ''The Self-Awakening of the Ordinary Person''}}__NOTOC__
	{{Under Construction}}		{{Under Construction}}