Editorial Guidelines

This style guide establishes the formal editorial and formatting standards for the encyclopedia and text archive. All contributions must maintain a highly objective, rigorous academic tone. Authors and translators must utilize American English spelling and punctuation conventions throughout their work. Crucially, the use of the serial (Oxford) comma is strictly mandatory in all lists of three or more items. The following guidelines are designed to ensure structural consistency and absolute clarity across all encyclopedic profiles, original texts, and translations.

Global Page Titling and URL Conventions

To ensure universal searchability, technical stability, and ease of academic citability across both international databases and the browser interface, all pages across the entire wiki must adhere to a strict ASCII alphanumeric character set.

General Naming Restrictions

• No Percent-Encoding (% Codes): Page titles must strictly use characters that are never replaced by percent codes when a user copies a URL from their browser address bar.
• Script Constraints: Page titles must be written entirely in the basic Latin script without any diacritics, macrons, or special accents (e.g., use Uchiyama Gudo instead of Uchiyama Gudō or Uchiyama Gudô for the literal page title/URL).
• Permitted Characters: The permitted characters for titles are restricted to uppercase and lowercase English letters (A–Z, a–z), Arabic numerals (0–9), hyphens ( - ), and underscores ( _ ). Native non-Latin scripts and specialized phonetic symbols are strictly barred from core page titles.
• Cosmetic Masking: If a page title requires accurate diacritics or native East Asian scripts for correct academic presentation, the page title must still be created using the clean ASCII rule above. The {{DISPLAYTITLE:...}} magic word at the very top of the article body can be used to safely change the visible page heading for the reader without altering the clean underlying URL. (For example, {{DISPLAYTITLE:Uchiyama Gudō}} will show "Uchiyama Gudō" as the page title, without affecting the URL.)

Encyclopedic Pages

• Standard Rule: Page titles for Biographies, Country Profiles, and Contextual/Topical Articles must be written entirely in the Latin script.
• Original Names: Native non-Latin scripts (e.g., Japanese, Chinese, Thai) are strictly barred from core page titles and must instead be placed inside the introduction text.

Original Source Text Pages

• Standard Rule: The page title must never be the literal title of the text. Instead, it must utilize a standardized, alphanumeric archival code written entirely in capital letters.
• The Archival Code Formula: The code must strictly consist of three distinct components packed together without spaces:

1. 1. Author Initials: Exactly two initials derived from the author's romanized name, ordered with the surname first.
   2. Year Digits: The last two digits of the year the text was originally published.
   3. Keyword Abbreviations: Three letters representing the first letter of the first three primary keywords in the romanized text title.

• Example: An original source text written by Uchiyama Gudō (UG) published in 1908 (08) titled Museifu Kyōsan Kakumei (無政府共産革命) (MKK) would be titled: UG08MKK

Translation Pages

• Standard Rule: The page titles for all translated English texts must identically mirror the exact alphanumeric archival code of their matching original source text page.
• The Translation Suffix: To differentiate the translation from the source code, the code must be followed immediately by a hyphen and a capital letter T suffix (-T).
• Example: The English translation page for the text mentioned above would be titled: UG08MKK-T

General Style Guide for Encyclopedic Pages

Biographical Pages

Page Section Architecture

Every biographical entry must strictly adhere to the following seven-part sequence:

1. Introduction: 100–200 words summarizing who the figure was, their Buddhist tradition, core ideological alignment, and historical significance to radical Buddhism.
2. Biography: 250–1,000 words providing a chronological narrative of their life, traditional training, ordination (if applicable), political awakening, activist years, and state response or legacy.
3. Ideas: An analytical synthesis of their specific philosophical and theological innovations, detailing how they reconciled radical politics (e.g., socialism, anarchism, anti-imperialism) with the Dharma, alongside their critiques of mainstream Buddhist institutions.
4. Writings: A chronological catalog of the author's own texts. (See curation rules below).
5. Secondary Literature in English: A selective, reverse-chronological bibliography of English scholarly analysis. (See curation rules below).
6. Secondary Literature in Other Languages: A hyper-selective, reverse-chronological bibliography of analysis written in non-English languages. (See curation rules below). If all literature in this section is in the same language, replace "Other Languages" in the section title with the name of that language.
7. How to Cite This Article: A pre-formatted citation block mirroring APA style rules for readers to reference the entry.
8. Notes: The references (footnotes) triggered by <references />.

Specific Rules for the "Writings" Section

• Scope of Inclusion: Prioritize any and all texts that directly concern radical Buddhism, engaged Buddhism, or social critiques.
• Cutoff Point: Prolific non-political works (e.g., traditional doctrinal commentaries, general poetry) may be listed if they are highly famous or influential. Truncate long lists at the editor's discretion to maintain focus.
• Ordering: Strictly chronological (earliest published to latest).
• Annotations: Each item should ideally be followed by 1–3 sentences providing a short summary or vital contextual information. This text must focus strictly on the specific document and must not duplicate the broader ideological analysis already provided in the "Ideas" section. Annotations are formatted by means of the {{annotation|...}}, where the annotation goes on the dots.

Specific Rules for the "Secondary Literature" Sections

• Ordering: Strictly reverse-chronological (most recent to oldest).
• The Selectivity Triad: Curate entries based on three core values:
  • Recent: Prioritize modern scholarship that updates or refines older views.
  • Free Open Access: Highly prefer peer-reviewed, open-source materials to maximize reader accessibility.
  • Influential: Prioritize foundational, heavily cited, or groundbreaking scholarly works.
• Academic Threshold: In principle, only published scholarly work qualifies for inclusion.
• The Exclusion Clause: Non-scholarly online sources, blog posts, or self-published materials are barred, except when virtually no academic literature has been published about the figure, or a particular online source is demonstrably influential in the discourse.
• Section 6 Hyper-Selectivity: Section 6 (Other Languages) must be curated even more strictly than Section 5. Limit this section to definitive source-language texts or major international breakthroughs.
• Annotations: Each secondary source requires a brief, 1–3 sentence annotation highlighting its specific value, scope, or methodology without duplicating content from other sections. Annotations are formatted by means of the {{annotation|...}}, where the annotation goes on the dots.

Country Profiles

Page Section Architecture

Every country profile entry must strictly adhere to the following six-part sequence:

1. Introduction: 100–200 words contextualizing the nation's political-religious landscape, summarizing core historical eras, and outlining main socio-political tensions.
2. Buddhism in [Country]: 250–1,000 words tracing a macro chronological history of mainstream Buddhism, institutional structures, primary traditions, and the relationship between the state and the sangha. (Anything in this section that can be considered common knowledge does not require references.)
3. Radical Buddhism in [Country]: A focused historical narrative tracking the emergence of left-wing, activist, or dissident Buddhist trends, highlighting domestic crises (e.g., colonialism, land poverty, imperial militarism, caste oppression) that mobilized monastics and laypeople.
4. Literature in English: A selective, reverse-chronological bibliography. (Follows the same curation, selectivity, and annotation rules defined in the biography guidelines).
5. Literature in Other Languages: A hyper-selective, reverse-chronological bibliography of source-language regional texts (e.g., Japanese, Chinese, Thai). (Follows the same hyper-selectivity and annotation rules defined in the biography guidelines). If all literature in this section is in the same language, replace "Other Languages" in the section title with the name of that language.
6. How to Cite This Article: A pre-formatted citation block mirroring APA style rules for readers to reference the specific country entry.
7. Notes: The references (footnotes) triggered by <references />.

Specific Constraints for the "Radical Buddhism in [Country]" Section

• Anti-Duplication Rule: To prevent structural bloat, this narrative must not become excessively long by duplicating extensive text from individual biography pages. Instead, it must rely heavily on internal links to those specific individuals.
• Prominent Individual Subsections: If a specific individual is exceptionally critical to that nation's radical Buddhist history, editors may create a dedicated low-level subsection for them within the Section
  • This subsection must provide a concise explanation of their relevance, restricted strictly to 100–200 words.
  • The top of this subsection must feature a standardized "main article" link template pointing directly to the individual's full biography page.
    • Syntax Example: {{Main|Uchiyama Gudō}}

Contextual and Topical Articles

Purpose and Scope

The primary function of this category is to act as an "overflow valve" for biographical and country profile pages. To maintain scannability, any highly detailed, extensive discussions of specific events, movements, organizations, or localized historical phenomena must be offloaded into a dedicated contextual article.

• Example Strategy: If the historical narrative on the country page for Japan becomes bloated due to an extensive discussion of the Ikkō-ikki (一向一揆), that content must be extracted into its own Contextual and Topical Article. The main country page will retain only a short, condensed summary of the event accompanied by a {{Main}} link template pointing to the new page.

Page Section Architecture

Every contextual or topical entry must include the following sections:

1. Introduction: 100–200 words defining the movement, event, or concept, its historical window, and its direct relevance to radical Buddhism.
2. The core body of the page, clearly broken down with descriptive subheadings.
3. Literature in English: A selective, reverse-chronological bibliography tailored to the topic. (Follows the same curation, selectivity, and annotation rules defined in the biography guidelines).
4. Literature in Other Languages: A hyper-selective, reverse-chronological bibliography of source-language regional texts. (Follows the same hyper-selectivity and annotation rules defined in the biography guidelines).
5. How to Cite This Article: A pre-formatted citation block mirroring APA style rules for readers to reference the topical entry.
6. Notes: The references (footnotes) triggered by <references />.

Editorial Authorship and Revision Control

To maintain rigorous academic credit and generate accurate data for the "How to Cite This Article" sections, page authorship is dynamically managed based on text contribution tiers. Individual articles do not follow an anonymous crowd-sourced model. The Managing Editor retains absolute final authority over all page author attribution tracking, placement, and group ordering.

Authorship Tiers

• Main Authors: The individual or individuals responsible for creating the initial text or the vast majority of the current page content. If a page has multiple main authors, their names must be listed in strict alphabetical order by surname.
• Other Authors: Contributors who have provided significant textual expansion, deep source checking, or substantial structural revisions, but have not overwritten the core baseline argument. These names are appended after the main authors in strict alphabetical order by surname.

Revision and Promotion Thresholds

• Substantial Expansion: Any registered editor who performs a substantial upgrade or expansion to an existing article is entitled to have their name added to the "Other Authors" section.
• Major Revision and the "50% Guideline": If an editor thoroughly overhauls, expands, or rewrites more than half of the existing article's text, they are traditionally eligible to displace the original creator and be promoted to primary Main Author.
• The Principle of Qualitative Significance: The quantitative 50% threshold is strictly a baseline guideline, not an automated rule. If a contributor's revisions fall below the 50% content mark but are deemed highly crucial, foundational, or qualitatively more important than the text left unchanged, the Managing Editor may choose to elevate that contributor to the "Main Authors" tier, or establish them as the sole primary author.

Mandatory Moderation Workflow

• Prior Forum Discussion: Editors are strictly prohibited from executing silent major rewrites or unilaterally altering author lists. Any proposed major rewrite and its subsequent authorship implications must be proposed and discussed within the dedicated **phpBB community forum** beforehand.
• Managing Editor Review: The Managing Editor must review the thread, evaluate both the quantitative scope and qualitative value of the proposed changes, and explicitly authorize the structural overhaul before any text changes go live on the wiki platform.

How to Cite This Article (Universal Template)

To provide readers with clean, stable citations for your compiled entries, the final section of every encyclopedic, country profile, and topical page must feature a copyable text box using the standardized template below.

Global Name Ordering Rules

• First Name Listed: The first name in the author sequence must always be inverted with the surname first to facilitate alphabetical indexing (e.g., Doe, John or Chen Boqiang).
• Subsequent Names: All following names must be listed in their natural, preferred order (e.g., David Smith for a Western name, or Tanaka Tarō for a Japanese author preferring traditional order).
• Implicit Tiers: Do not use explicit labels like "(Main Author)" or "(Other Author)" in the visible citation text. The tiering is implicitly understood by the ordering: Main Authors are listed first in alphabetical order, followed immediately by Other Authors in alphabetical order.

Citation Structural Template

Surname, Given Name [First Main Author], Natural Name [Subsequent Main Authors], & Natural Name [Other Authors] (Year of Last Change). "Title of Wiki Page". Radical Buddhist Project. Version of Exact Date of Last Change (DD Month YYYY). URL.

Examples

• Example A (Single Main Author, No Secondary Contributors):
  • Visible Text: Smith, John Arthur (2026). "Uchiyama Gudo". The Radical Buddhism Project. Version of 14 May 2026. http://radicalbuddhism.net/wiki/Uchiyama Gudo.
• Example B (Multiple Main Authors + Appended "Other" Authors following an authorized revision):
  • Visible Text: Chen, David, John Arthur Smith, & Jane Mary Doe (2026). "Taiwan". The Radical Buddhism Project. Version of 13 July 2026. http://radicalbuddhism.net/wiki/Taiwan.

Authorship Change Log

Every "How to Cite This Article" section has a hidden authorship change log formatted as follows:

<!-- AUTHORSHIP CHANGE LOG
(page version), (update date). Main: (main authors in order). Other. (other authors in order).
(page version), (update date). Main: (main authors in order). Other. (other authors in order).
... etc.
-->

Style Guide for Original Texts

Script Authenticity & Integrity

• Original texts must preserve the exact script used in the primary historical edition or publication chosen for the archive.
• No Forced Simplification: Do not convert Traditional Chinese characters to Simplified Chinese for historical texts predating the change or texts sourced from regions like Taiwan.
• Modern Japanese Standard: Modern editions already using Shinjitai (新字体) characters are accepted as-is; manual retroactive conversion back to Kyūjitai (旧字体) characters is not required.

Low-Level Structural Anchoring and Pagination

To ensure absolute fidelity to the historical archive, original text transcriptions must mirror the exact pagination of the primary source edition used. Page headings serve as the low-level anchoring system across the database and must be inserted precisely where the physical page transitions, regardless of whether this split occurs in the middle of a sentence, clause, or compound phrase.

Technical Heading Formatting

• Standard Rule: Every new physical page must be initiated with a low-level heading using three equal signs on either side. The text must read "Page" followed by the Arabic numeral. Do not add decorative elements.
  • Syntax:

    === Page 1 ===

Mid-Sentence Placement

• Character-Level Splitting: The page heading must be placed directly between the two characters where the physical page split occurs in the source document. Do not wait for a sentence, clause, or punctuation mark to end.
• No Added Marks: When a page heading splits an original sentence or word block, do not insert Western-style hyphens, spacing, or editorial punctuation to indicate the break. The text must simply resume naturally underneath the new page heading.
  • Syntax Example (Chinese):

主张社会主义的元
=== Page 2 ===
老们在讨论中指出……

Interface Integration Note

• Custom MediaWiki interface templates will be coded to render functional user toggle buttons underneath these headings. This will allow readers to seamlessly switch views between these precise anchor points and their matching segments in the English translation. This section will be extended later once those specific template codes are finalized.

Special Textual Commentary: Unreadable & Censored Passages

When translating suppressed or physically damaged texts, editors must use specialized inline markers and group definitions to maintain academic transparency.

Inline Text Typography Rules

• Unreadable Passages (Physical Damage/Blurs): Use ellipsis inside brackets to mark a gap where text is entirely lost due to page degradation, ink bleeds, or physical tearing.
  • Example: "The group met secretly in [...] to draft the manifesto."
• Censored Passages (State Suppression): Use a Unicode block character or specific formatting to replicate the look of redacted text blocks or character erasure, depending on the source language layout.
  • Example (Western/English inline): "The movement strongly opposed the ███ government policy."
  • Example (Asian Text original inline context): "主张✕✕✕✕主义" (Matching the original print layout as much as possible).

Footnote Reconstruction Framework

When an editor can confidently reconstruct a censored or damaged passage based on contextual, linguistic, or historical evidence, the reconstruction must be placed into a footnote.

• Mandatory Annotation Structure: The footnote must explicitly list:

1. 1. The exact location or appearance of the original censorship marker.
   2. The proposed editorial reconstruction.
   3. The historical, contextual, or linguistic justification for that specific reconstruction.

Footnotes

If there are notes in the text, the last section on the page should be "Notes". It should only contain the code <references />.

Style Guide for Translations

Scope & Translation Register

• Applies to the generated English editions corresponding directly to the preserved source texts.
• The register must be rigorously academic. Translations are not strictly literal word-for-word substitutions but must stay as close to the original text as possible.

Structural Anchoring Alignment and Translation Mapping

Translations must identically mirror the low-level heading structure of their corresponding original texts, utilizing the exact same page number headings to keep text pairs perfectly locked in sequence across the archive.

Technical Heading Formatting

• Standard Rule: Every page segment must match the original layout by initiating sections with a low-level heading using three equal signs on either side.
  • Syntax:

    === Page 1 ===

Determining Translation Page Breaks

Because Asian languages use vastly different syntax and word orders compared to English, finding the precise point to split an English translation to match an original page break is structurally difficult (especially in Japanese, due to trailing verbs and modifying clauses). Translators must navigate this anchoring using the following priority system:

• Priority 1 (The Exact Syntactic Split): Wherever possible, the translator must place the English page heading at the exact point in the English sentence that corresponds to the semantic transition in the original text. This means a single English sentence will frequently be split across two wiki page headings.
• Priority 2 (The Sentence Boundary Exception): If an original page break occurs at a point where the Japanese or Chinese syntax is so deeply inverted that splitting the English sentence creates complete gibberish or destroys the meaning of the passage, the translator may place the page heading at the nearest logical grammatical boundary (such as the end of the immediate English clause or sentence).

Typography for Split English Sentences

• No Mechanical Hyphenation: If an English sentence or phrase must be split across an English page heading, do not use hyphens or ellipses at the end of the line. Capitalize the first word of the text resuming under the new heading only if it marks the start of a completely new sentence. Otherwise, let it resume in lowercase.
  • Syntax Example (English Split):

He argued passionately for the complete overthrow of the imperial
=== Page 2 ===
system and the liberation of the agricultural class.

Inline Translation Conventions: Names & Terminology

To balance rigorous academic depth with scannability, translators must adhere to strict rules regarding when and how original scripts are embedded directly into the English translation text.

Handling Personal & Place Names

• First Mention Rule: The very first time a personal name, organization, or historical location is mentioned within a translated text, it must be written in Latin script followed immediately by its original native script version enclosed in parentheses.
  • Example: "When Uchiyama Gudō (内山愚童) published his critique of the imperial system..."
• Subsequent Mention Rule: Every subsequent mention of that same name or entity within the text must use the Latin script alone. Do not repeat the original script.
  • Example: "Following his arrest, Gudō was transported to..."

Inline Terminology & Source Script Injections

• Permitted Cases: Translators may inject original language terms (in their original script and/or standard romanization) in parentheses immediately following an English translation for:

1. Unusual, highly niche, or idiosyncratic radical terminology.
2. Particularly dense or hard-to-translate passages.
3. Any critical instance where providing the original text is deemed necessary, important, or useful for scholarly analysis.

• The Principle of Parsimony (Sparsity): Inline script injections disrupt the flow of reading. Therefore, this practice must be used as sparingly as possible.
• Workflow Guidance: If a term requires more than a simple parental script reference to be understood, or if a passage is so difficult that it requires a lengthy linguistic explanation, do not cluster the main text body. Move the analysis entirely to a footnote instead.

Footnotes & Technical Commentary

• The MediaWiki Cite extension will be leveraged to build dense annotation frameworks for difficult passages, variants, and context.
• The last section on the page should be "Notes". It should only contain the code <references />.

Global Bibliographic Full Citation Standards

Global Formatting Rules for Non-Latin & Foreign Materials

• Personal Names: All personal names must be written in Latin script first, immediately followed by the original script in parentheses if it uses a non-Latin script.
  • Example: Lin Qiuwu (林秋梧)
• Title Translations: If a book, article, or blog post title is written in a language other than English, the title must be kept in its original language, immediately followed by an English translation enclosed in square brackets.
• Journal Titles: Journal titles must always be given in their original language/script.

Standard Templates by Publication Type & Region

All examples of books and articles given below are fictional.

Western / English Publications

• Book: Surname, Given Names (Year of First Publication). Book Title in Italics. Publisher.
  • Example: Smith, John Arthur (1934). Radical Buddhism in Early Taisho Japan. Academic Press.
• Journal Article: Surname, Given Names (Year). "Article Title". Journal Title in Italics Vol.No: Page Range.
  • Example: Doe, Jane Mary (2012). "Zen and the State: The Case of Uchiyama Gudo". Journal of Buddhist Politics 14.2: 145–168.
• Chapter in Edited Volume: Surname, Given Names (Year). "Chapter Title". In: Editor Surname, Given Names (Ed./Eds), Volume Title in Italics: Page Range. Publisher.
  • Example: Doe, Jane Mary (2012). "Zen and the State Revisited". In: Smith, John Arthur (Ed.), Essays on Radical Buddhism: 45–68. Academic Press.

Chinese Publications

• Book / Complete Journal: Surname Given Names (Original Script) (Year). 《Book Title in Original Script》 [English Translation of Title]. Publisher.
  • Example: Chen Boqiang (陳伯強) (1932). 《左翼佛教與社會改革》 [Left-wing Buddhism and Social Reform]. Kaiming Book Company.
• Journal Article / Book Chapter: Surname Given Names (Original Script) (Year). 〈Article Title in Original Script〉 [English Translation of Article Title]. 《Journal Title in Original Script》 Vol.No: Page Range.
  • Example: Wang Zhiming (王志明) (2015). 〈林秋梧的階級鬥爭觀與佛法之融會〉 [The Convergence of Lin Qiuwu's View of Class Struggle and the Buddha-dharma]. 《台灣佛教史學報》 12.3: 88–112.

Japanese Publications

• Book: Surname Given Names (Original Script) (Year). 『Book Title in Original Script』 [English Translation of Title]. Publisher.
  • Example: Uno Hiroichi (宇野普一) (1975). 『大正時代の仏教社会主義運動』 [Buddhist Socialist Movements of the Taisho Era]. Shōwa Shuppan.
• Journal Article: Surname Given Names (Original Script) (Year). 「Article Title in Original Script」 [English Translation of Article Title]. 『Journal Title in Original Script』 Vol.No: Page Range.
  • Example: Tanaka Taro (田中太郎) (1998). 「内山愚童の思想的背景」 [The Ideological Background of Uchiyama Gudo]. 『仏教政治研究』 4.1: 22–45.

Blog Posts & Websites

• Template: Surname, Given Names (Original Script) (Year, Month Day). Appropriate Punctuation Title [English Translation]. Appropriate Punctuation Blog Title. URL [Archived via Wayback Machine URL].
  • Example (English): Green, David (2018, March 14). "The Anarchist Monks of Meiji Japan". Radical Dharma Blog. http://example-blog.com [Archived at https://archive.org...]
• Mandatory Archiving Rule: Before listing any online source or blog post, the editor must submit the live URL to the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine (archive.org) to generate a permanent link. Both links must be present in the citation.

Multi-Author Name Ordering Rules

When a bibliographic item (book, journal article, or blog post) has multiple authors, the names must not be uniformly inverted. Instead, they must follow standard academic indexing conventions:

• The First Author Rule: The very first author listed must always have their name inverted with the surname first to facilitate clean alphabetical indexing.
  • Western Template: Surname, Given Names
  • East Asian Template: Surname Given Names (Original Script)
  • Note: For East Asian names, natural order already places the surname first, so no comma or reordering is needed — the "inverted" and "natural" forms are identical in this case.
• Subsequent Authors Rule: All following authors must be listed in their natural, preferred presentation order.
  • For Western authors, this means Given Name followed by Surname (e.g., David Smith).
  • For East Asian authors, this means preserving their native or preferred ordering, typically Surname followed by Given Name (e.g., Tanaka Tarō or Chen Boqiang).
• Conjunctions: Separate authors with commas, and use an ampersand (&) before the final author in the list.

Examples

• Example A (Multi-Author English Journal Article):
  • Visible Text: Doe, Jane Mary, David Smith, & Robert J. Jones (2012). "Zen and the State: The Case of Uchiyama Gudo". Journal of Buddhist Politics 14.2: 145–168.
• Example B (Multi-Author Japanese Publication):
  • Visible Text: Tanaka Taro (田中太郎), & Uno Hiroichi (宇野普一) (1998). 「内山愚童の思想的背景」 [The Ideological Background of Uchiyama Gudo]. 『仏教政治研究』 4.1: 22–45.
• Example C (Multi-Author Chinese Publication):
  • Visible Text: Wang Zhiming (王志明), & Chen Boqiang (陳伯強) (2015). 〈林秋梧的階級鬥爭觀與佛法之融會〉 [The Convergence of Lin Qiuwu's View of Class Struggle and the Buddha-dharma]. 《台灣佛教史學報》 12.3: 88–112.

Special Manuscript & Edition Rules (Books)

• Primary Listing Target: List the most common or readily accessible edition of a text (typically the first edition).
• Multi-Edition Handling: If the most common edition is a later printing, the primary "(Year)" after the name remains the year of first historical publication. The publisher field at the end must show both the modern publisher and the edition year.
  • Template: Surname, Given Names (Original Year). Title [Translation] (Publisher, Edition Year).
• Annotation Offloading: Move alternative printings, reprints, or minor manuscript variations to the descriptive annotation beneath the citation.

Footnote Referencing Standards (Notes)

The following rules apply universally to inline footnotes across all categories of pages (biographies, country profiles, and translation commentaries).

First Mention Rule

• Standard Formulation: The very first time a source is cited inside a page's footnotes, it must use the exact full citation format specified in the "Global Bibliographic Full Citation Standards" section above.
• Locators: A specific page number, section, or chapter number must follow the full citation.
  • Example (Book): Smith, John Arthur (1934). Radical Buddhism in Early Taisho Japan. Academic Press, p. 45.
  • Example (Journal): Doe, Jane Mary (2012). "Zen and the State: The Case of Uchiyama Gudo". Journal of Buddhist Politics 14.2: 145–168, sec. 3.

Subsequent Mention Rule

• Standard Formulation: Every subsequent time the exact same source is cited on that same page, it must be shortened to prevent footnote bloat. The shorthand string requires the author's surname, the publication year, and an abbreviated version of the title.
• Title Typography Rules: The abbreviated title must preserve the original source's typography style:
  • Use italics for books, journals, or complete volumes.
  • Use "quotation marks" for Western journal articles, chapters, or blog posts.
  • Use 「」 for Japanese articles/chapters and 『』 for Japanese books/journals.
  • Use 〈〉 for Chinese articles/chapters and 《》 for Chinese books/journals.
• Locators: Append the specific page, chapter, or section numbers to the end of the shorthand string.
  • Example (Book Subsequent): Smith (1934), Radical Buddhism, pp. 88–89.
  • Example (Western Article Subsequent): Doe (2012), "Zen and the State", p. 150.
  • Example (Japanese Book Subsequent):Uno (1975), 『大正時代の仏教』, p. 12.
  • Example (Chinese Article Subsequent): Wang (2015), 〈林秋梧的階級鬥爭〉, sec. 2.